Safety-Level Aware Bin-Packing Approach for Control Functions Assignment

International audienceThe assignment of functions to controllers is a crucial step when building an operational control system architecture. We identified this problem as a Multiple Choice Vector Bin-Packing with Conflicts that is a generalization of the one-dimensional Bin-Packing problem. Such problems are known to be strongly NP-Hard and exact techniques to solve them are too time and/or space consuming because of the combinatorial explosion. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a fast First-Fit Decreasing based heuristic that derives an optimized number of controllers in polynomial time. The objective is to minimize the global cost of controllers while satisfying safety constraints. We show through experiments that the adopted approach allows us to obtain values that are in average very close to the optimum

Análisis y propuesta de mejora de "New Building Realisation" (Marruecos) de obra civil especialidad ingeniería eléctrica

[ES] El TFC que estamos presentando, trata sobre la empresa NEW BUILDING REALISATION que es una empresa familiar que se dedica a la obra civil especialmente la obra civil para los postes eléctricos. Al principio vamos a hablar de la situación actual del sector de la obra civil en Marruecos y también de la situación de la construcción industrial y la industria auxiliar de instalaciones eléctricas. Luego vamos a analizar el macroentorno en Marruecos haciendo un análisis PESTEL, un análisis del microentorno basándose sobre el análisis de las 5 fuerzas de PORTER y para finalizar con el análisis del entorno, vamos a analizar cómo es la competencia directa en ese sector de obra civil para postes eléctricos. Después, haremos un análisis de la situación de las operaciones y procesos que sigue nuestra empresa. Vamos a hablar también de la organización y recursos humanos que sigue NEW BUILDING REALISATION, hablando de la misión, visión y valor de la empresa, la problemática que puede encontrar la pequeña empresa y la empresa familiar y que consecuencias pueda tener, también la forma jurídica fiscala la cual se somete, para luego analizar los diferentes puestos de trabajo y hacer el organigrama que sigue nuestra empresa. Enseguida, vamos a analizar la parte del marketing concentrándonos sobre la segmentación y público objetivo, el análisis del producto, del precio, comunicación y de la distribución. Después haremos un análisis económico financiero general de la empresa, analizando los balances de situación, las cuentas de resultados y los ratios de la empresa para los años 2009, 2010 y 2011. Y para acabar, vamos a proponer mejoras en la empresa, primero haciendo un análisis DAFO/ CAME, luego eligiendo la mejor propuesta, para que al final hacer un análisis de la inversión y implantar un calendario para su realización.Benazouz, YM. (2013). ANÁLISIS Y PROPUESTA DE MEJORA DE `NEW BUILDING REALISATION' (MARRUECOS) DE OBRA CIVIL ESPECIALIDAD INGENIERIA ELECTRICA. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/35083.Archivo delegad

Évaluation de la résistance de dix porte-greffes d’agrumes résistants à la tristeza vis-à-vis du déficit hydrique

Introduction. In Morocco, citriculture faces up an increasing combination of biotic (Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) / Phytophthora spp.) and abiotic stresses (salinity, alkalinity and drought). Most of these constraints should be individually managed by adapted rootstock choice. However, the spread of CTV in the Mediterranean Basin will soon prohibit the use of the traditional sour orange rootstock, which currently provides sufficient tolerance to salinity and alkalinity. Therefore, the selection of new citrus rootstocks becomes urgent. Our study sought to investigate the effect of different water regimes on growth of ten citrus rootstocks: citrange Carrizo (France), citrange Carrizo (Morocco), citrange Troyer, citrange Yuma, Citrus volkameriana; two Poncirus trifoliata of different origins, citrumelo, Mand. Sunki x Poncirus trifoliata, and Poorman. Materials and methods. For each rootstock, three months old seedlings were grown in plastic pots (0.5 L) in a greenhouse at El Menzeh, INRA, Morocco; they were subjected to three water regimes [(100%, 75% and 50%) moisture field capacity (Hcc) of the substrate]. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three treatments. The morphological parameters measured were the plant height and dry and fresh matter accumulation. Physiological parameters studied were the Relative Water Content, transpiration rates and chlorophyll, soluble sugars and proline contents. Results. The morphological and physiological parameters were affected by the intensity of water stress applied. However, rootstocks behaved differently regarding to this constraint. Water stress induced an increase in the proline and soluble sugars content in the rootstock leaves. Conclusion. Water stress significantly affects the physiological and morphological characteristics of citrus rootstocks and, in conditions of extreme water deficit (50% Hcc), a differential behavior of the rootstock was found. Based on our results, the rootstocks Carrizo citrange (Morocco) and Poorman present the best overall ability to withstand water stress

Multilevel simulation-based co-design of next generation HPC microprocessors

This paper demonstrates the combined use of three simulation tools in support of a co-design methodology for an HPC-focused System-on-a-Chip (SoC) design. The simulation tools make different trade-offs between simulation speed, accuracy and model abstraction level, and are shown to be complementary. We apply the MUSA trace-based simulator for the initial sizing of vector register length, system-level cache (SLC) size and memory bandwidth. It has proven to be very efficient at pruning the design space, as its models enable sufficient accuracy without having to resort to highly detailed simulations. Then we apply gem5, a cycle-accurate micro-architecture simulator, for a more refined analysis of the performance potential of our reference SoC architecture, with models able to capture detailed hardware behavior at the cost of simulation speed. Furthermore, we study the network-on-chip (NoC) topology and IP placements using both gem5 for representative small- to medium-scale configurations and SESAM/VPSim, a transaction-level emulator for larger scale systems with good simulation speed and sufficient architectural details. Overall, we consider several system design concerns, such as processor subsystem sizing and NoC settings. We apply the selected simulation tools, focusing on different levels of abstraction, to study several configurations with various design concerns and evaluate them to guide architectural design and optimization decisions. Performance analysis is carried out with a number of representative benchmarks. The obtained numerical results provide guidance and hints to designers regarding SIMD instruction width, SLC sizing, memory bandwidth as well as the best placement of memory controllers and NoC form factor. Thus, we provide critical insights for efficient design of future HPC microprocessors.This work has been performed in the context of the European Processor Initiative (EPI) project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement № 826647. A special thanks to Amir Charif and Arief Wicaksana for their invaluable contributions to the SESAM/VPSim tool in the initial phases of the EPI project.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

ÉTUDE ET SUIVI DES PERFORMANCES DES TRAITEMENTS PRIMAIRE ET SECONDAIRE DES EAUX USEES DE LA STATION D’EPURATION DE MARRAKECH

The activated sludge technology is an innovative intensive method for treating wastewater. It is well suited to discharges from communities large sizes and very effective for the treatment of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. The raw effluent of the WWTP of Marrakech and secondly evaluate the performance of primary processing (TP) which eliminates almost 50% of suspended solids and reduced by about 40% BOD and COD. Finally we will evaluate the purifying efficiency of secondary treatment (TS), the monitoring results show that it is 95% for BOD5, 80% for COD, 70% for TSS, 85% NTK and 55 % for Pt. The obtained results show that except the Pt qui exceeds the standard set at 2 mg/L, the concentration of all the performance indicators at the outlet of biological treatment (secondary) complies with Moroccan and European standards for direct discharges

Safety-Level Aware Bin-Packing Heuristic for Automatic Assignment of Power Plants Control Functions

International audience—Finding a suitable set of controllers to which a large set of control functions with different safety levels can be assigned, while minimizing cost, is a significant task during the design of the operational control system of a critical process, like a power plant. This task is currently performed by experts and extremely time-consuming, which explains why its automation is a real concern. This paper shows first that the above assignment problem can be identified as a Multiple-Choice Vector Bin-Packing with Conflicts problem, a combination of different variants of the well-known one-dimensional bin-packing problem. Such a problem is known to be strongly NP-Hard and exact techniques to solve it on large-sized examples are too time and/or space consuming because of the combinatorial explosion. To solve this problem in polynomial time, this article proposes a fast heuristic based on a FFD (First-Fit Decreasing) approach. Two strategies to perform this heuristic and several criteria to rank the functions before assignment are defined. These strategies and criteria are then compared on the basis of numerous experiments. These experiments show that the proposed heuristic scales well and provides results that are very close to optimum; the difference in the worst case is less than 1%. Note to Practitioners: Abstract—Designing the operational control architecture of a critical process, like a power plant, is an extremely time-consuming task that requires in particular to find a suitable and minimum-cost set of industrial controllers to which the numerous control functions can be assigned and thereafter implemented. This design task is currently performed by experts who imagine, evaluate and compare different solutions. Hence, several iterations of the assignment process are necessary during this task. The practical aim of this research is to automate this process to facilitate and speed up architecture design. This work has been made in the frame of a cooperative research project with a company which designs and implements control systems of power plants. Nevertheless, the generic results that are presented in this article can be used for other critical processes (oil, chemical processes, water management) where a large number of control functions with different impacts on safety is to be assigned to controllers, because the proposed heuristic scales well

An approximate procedure for estimating seismic demands for buildings

Methods of the estimation of the seismic demands of nonlinear structures require a sort of iterative procedures, no matter the elastic or inelastic response spectra are used in the procedure. Many studies dealt with the development of different inelastic spectra with the aim to simplify the evaluation of inelastic deformations and performance of structures. Recently, the concept of inelastic spectra has been adopted in the global scheme of the performance-based seismic design through capacity-spectrum methods (CSM). For instance, the modal pushover analysis (MPA) has been proved to provide accurate results for inelastic buildings to a similar degree of accuracy to the response spectrum analysis (RSA) in estimating peak response for elastic buildings. In this paper, a simplified nonlinear spectral analysis is made to the original MPA is proposed. The proposed procedure, which is applicable to multi-degree-of-freedom MDOF systems uses an inelastic spectrum and gives peak responses consistent with those obtained when using the nonlinear time history analysis (NL-RHA). The accuracy of the proposed procedure is verified against the nonlinear time history analysis results of two buildings. The comparison showed that the new method is capable to provide accurate peak response

Recherche de cliques pour un problème de cybersécurité matériel

International audienceDans l'objectif de la lutte contre les Chevaux de Troie Matériels, nous proposons d'optimiser une méthode appelé Strong Logic Locking. La mesure de sécurité de cette méthode se base sur les cliques d'un graphe de relation, plus les cliques sont grandes et nombreuses, meilleure sera la sécurité. Nous proposons deux approches pour modéliser et résoudre ce problème

Improving Integrated Circuit Security using Mathematical Model Based on Clique Covering Reformulation

International audienceIntegrated Circuits (IC) are increasingly present in our daily lives through various everyday objects. Many third-party companies are involved during the manufacturing process. It introduces many threats to the ICs manufacturing, such as IP piracy and Hardware Trojans. Strong Logic Locking methodology is generally used to protect from IC piracy, such as counterfeiting or reverse engineering, and against Hardware Trojans insertion; however, the lack of automated tools fully integrated into a CAD flow limits the integration of countermeasures. This paper proposes mathematical models on the Strong Logic Locking method to optimize the security and an automatic security design inserted in an open CAD flow.We implemented an exact algorithm to maximize the security measure while implementing a strategy to minimize the impact of delay and area on the circuit. This algorithm is a custom branch and bound based on the mathematical model developed in this paper. In addition, we propose a strategy to limit the impact of countermeasures on the delay. Furthermore, our approach takes place inside a standard open CAD flow after logic synthesis to be as generic as possible.The experiments carried out that security can be added in a standard open CAD flow with a reasonable computation time and a limited impact on the circuit. Our security measure is more precise than the previous one, with a limited area overhead defined by a user. The increase of the critical path is less than 7% for large benches with a limit of 10% area overhead

1 A New Method for Minimizing Buffer Sizes for Cyclo-Static Dataflow Graphs

Abstract—Several optimizations must be considered for the design of streaming applications (e.g. multimedia or network packet processing). These applications can be modelled as a set of processes that communicate using buffers. Cyclo-Static Dataflow graphs, which are an extension of Synchronous Dataflow graphs, allow to consider a large class of industrial applications. This paper presents an original methodology to minimize the global surface of the buffers for a Cyclo-Static Dataflow graph under a given throughput constraint. It is proved that, if the processes are periodic, each buffer introduces a linear constraint described analytically. The optimization problem is then modelled by an Integer Linear Program. A polynomial algorithm based on its relaxation provides a quasi-optimal solution for real life problems. The resolution of the optimization problem for a Reed-Solomon Decoder application is then detailed